Health · 健康 / 医学 / 阿尔茨海默
阿尔茨海默病预防试验：给无症状者提前用药，能否阻止痴呆
Alzheimer's trial to test drug on people without symptoms to see if it can be prevented
一、原文精读
鼠标悬停在带 蓝色虚线下划线 的生词上，即可查看词性和释义。
1People without memory loss will be offered an experimental Alzheimer's drug that could stop the development of the condition before dementia symptoms emerge.
2Healthy middle-aged people deemed to have a higher risk of developing the condition will be eligible to participate in the trial, which is being run by an NHS trust as part of an international clinical trial aiming to prevent dementia.
3The first European participants in the trial, which is recruiting about 1,600 people aged 55 to 80 from around the world, will be screened on Monday by the Surrey and Borders Partnership NHS foundation trust.
4Participants from across the UK will be tested to check that they have no memory problems, before being offered a blood test to assess whether they have p-tau217, a biomarker that can predict cognitive decline and the development of Alzheimer's.
5Previous research found people with the highest levels of p-tau217 had an estimated 78% chance of developing cognitive impairment within 10 years. Research has also showed that blood tests measuring p-tau217 could identify Alzheimer's disease with up to 95% accuracy.
6The phase III trial, called the PrevenTRON study, will investigate whether prescribing a new drug, trontinemab, to participants who have elevated levels of p-tau217 and meet the trial criteria can stop dementia from developing in the first place.
7Trontinemab, which was developed by the Swiss pharmaceutical company Roche, attacks amyloid plaques, a toxic protein that builds up in the brain and slows down – and eventually kills – brain cells. It has been hailed as a groundbreaking drug after early research found that it cleared amyloid plaques in nine out of 10 people with early-stage Alzheimer's or mild cognitive development within 28 weeks.
8"For decades, research has focused on treating Alzheimer's disease after symptoms appear. PrevenTRON addresses a different question, whether we can act earlier, before symptoms begin," said Prof Ramin Nilforooshan, chief investigator for the trial. The trial is expected to last four to six years. Participants will be randomly assigned to receive either trontinemab or a placebo, and will then be monitored to see how quickly they develop any signs of dementia.
原文出处：The Guardian（Donna Ferguson，2026-09-05）。报道对象为英国 Surrey and Borders Partnership NHS 基金会信托牵头、罗氏（Roche）药物 trontinemab 的 PrevenTRON III 期预防试验。
二、重点词汇
| 单词 | 音标 | 词性 | 释义 | 词块 / 搭配 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| experimental | /ɪkˌsperɪˈmentl/ | adj. | 实验性的 | an experimental drug |
| dementia | /dɪˈmenʃə/ | n. | 痴呆（症） | prevent dementia |
| emerge | /ɪˈmɜːdʒ/ | v. | 出现；显现 | symptoms emerge |
| deem | /diːm/ | v. | 认为；视为 | be deemed to have … |
| eligible | /ˈelɪdʒəbl/ | adj. | 有资格的；符合条件的 | be eligible to participate |
| recruit | /rɪˈkruːt/ | v. | 招募 | recruit about 1,600 people |
| screen | /skriːn/ | v. | 筛查；筛选 | be screened for the trial |
| biomarker | /ˈbaɪəʊˌmɑːkə(r)/ | n. | 生物标志物 | a biomarker that can predict … |
| cognitive | /ˈkɒɡnətɪv/ | adj. | 认知的 | cognitive decline / impairment |
| impairment | /ɪmˈpeəmənt/ | n. | 损伤；损害 | cognitive impairment |
| elevated | /ˈelɪveɪtɪd/ | adj. | 升高的；偏高的 | elevated levels of p-tau217 |
| prescribe | /prɪˈskraɪb/ | v. | 开（处方）；开（药） | prescribe a new drug |
| amyloid plaque | /ˈæmɪlɔɪd plæk/ | n. | 淀粉样斑块 | clear amyloid plaques |
| groundbreaking | /ˈɡraʊndbreɪkɪŋ/ | adj. | 开创性的 | a groundbreaking drug |
| placebo | /pləˈsiːbəʊ/ | n. | 安慰剂 | receive either … or a placebo |
三、长难句分析（三步拆解法）
Healthy middle-aged people deemed to have a higher risk of developing the condition will be eligible to participate in the trial, which is being run by an NHS trust as part of an international clinical trial aiming to prevent dementia.
主干：Healthy middle-aged people will be eligible to participate in the trial
修饰①：deemed to have a higher risk of developing the condition —— 过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰 people
非限定定语从句：which is being run by an NHS trust —— 修饰 the trial
修饰②：as part of an international clinical trial aiming to prevent dementia —— 介词短语，其中 aiming to … 为现在分词短语修饰 trial
译文：被认为患该病风险更高的健康中年人将有资格参加这项试验，该试验由一家 NHS 信托机构运营，是一项旨在预防痴呆的国际临床试验的一部分。
Participants from across the UK will be tested to check that they have no memory problems, before being offered a blood test to assess whether they have p-tau217, a biomarker that can predict cognitive decline and the development of Alzheimer's.
主干：Participants … will be tested
目的状语：to check that they have no memory problems —— 不定式，内含 that 宾语从句
时间状语：before being offered a blood test —— 介词 before + 动名词被动式
目的状语：to assess whether they have p-tau217 —— 内含 whether 宾语从句
同位语 + 定语从句：a biomarker that can predict cognitive decline … —— 同位语解释 p-tau217，后接 that 定语从句
译文：来自英国各地的参与者将先接受检查，确认没有记忆问题，随后再接受血液检测，以评估其体内是否存在 p-tau217——一种可预测认知衰退和阿尔茨海默病发生的生物标志物。
It has been hailed as a groundbreaking drug after early research found that it cleared amyloid plaques in nine out of 10 people with early-stage Alzheimer's or mild cognitive development within 28 weeks, meaning that one of the key characteristics of Alzheimer's was removed.
主干：It has been hailed as a groundbreaking drug
时间状语从句：after early research found that … —— 内含 that 宾语从句（found 的宾语）
宾语从句主干：it cleared amyloid plaques in nine out of 10 people（with early-stage Alzheimer's or mild cognitive development 作定语；within 28 weeks 作时间状语）
结果状语：meaning that one of the key characteristics of Alzheimer's was removed —— 现在分词表结果，内含 that 宾语从句
译文：早期研究发现，该药在 28 周内清除了十分之九早期阿尔茨海默病或轻度认知障碍患者体内的淀粉样斑块，因此被誉为开创性药物——这意味着阿尔茨海默病的关键特征之一被消除了。
The phase III trial, called the PrevenTRON study, will investigate whether prescribing a new drug, trontinemab, to participants who have elevated levels of p-tau217 and meet the trial criteria can stop dementia from developing in the first place.
主干：The phase III trial will investigate …（宾语为 whether 从句）
同位语：called the PrevenTRON study —— 过去分词短语说明 trial 名称
宾语从句主干：whether prescribing a new drug, trontinemab, to participants … can stop dementia from developing（动名词 prescribing 作从句主语）
定语从句：who have elevated levels of p-tau217 and meet the trial criteria —— 修饰 participants，并列谓语 have + meet
译文：这项名为 PrevenTRON 的 III 期试验将探究：给 p-tau217 水平升高且符合试验标准的参与者开一种名为 trontinemab 的新药，能否从一开始就阻止痴呆的发生。
四、全文大意
英国 Surrey and Borders Partnership NHS 基金会信托牵头，将于周一启动欧洲首批筛查，招募全球约 1600 名 55 至 80 岁、无记忆问题的健康中老年人，开展名为 PrevenTRON 的 III 期试验。参与者先接受 p-tau217 血液检测——该生物标志物可预测认知衰退，识别阿尔茨海默病的准确率高达 95%，高 p-tau217 者 10 年内出现认知障碍的概率约 78%。符合条件的参与者将被随机分配服用罗氏开发的 trontinemab 或安慰剂，随访 4 至 6 年。该药能清除大脑中的淀粉样斑块，早期研究显示 28 周内可清除十分之九患者脑内的斑块。研究者指出，这一试验标志着研究重心正从"治疗"转向"预防"，即在症状出现之前提前干预。
五、思考与仿写
思考题：研究者强调 PrevenTRON 试验把研究重心从"治疗"转向"预防"。结合第 8 段，谈谈"在症状出现前干预"相比"出现症状后再治疗"有何优势，又可能带来哪些伦理与现实挑战？
仿写题：仿照第 6 段的句式 "… will investigate whether doing sth to sb who … can stop … from doing …"，围绕「饮食」或「运动」写一个句子。