Nature · 人与自然 / 生物多样性 / 保护
伊比利亚猞猁：从濒危到复苏的奇迹
From 62 cats to 2,663 — how the Iberian lynx clawed its way back from the brink of extinction
中文导读
伊比利亚猞猁曾是全球最濒危的猫科动物，21 世纪初野外仅存约 62 只成年个体，濒临灭绝。其衰退主要源于主要猎物欧洲野兔因疫病大量死亡，加上栖息地丧失与交通事故。在圈养繁殖、恢复野兔、保护栖息地、放归野外等持续努力下，种群稳步回升——2024 年 IUCN 把它从"濒危"降级为"易危"，2025 年普查显示野外已达 2,663 只。这一"从 62 只到 2,663 只"的奇迹证明：只要人类及时行动、持续投入，濒危物种也能走出灭绝边缘，人与自然可以和谐共存。
一、原文精读
鼠标悬停在带 蓝色虚线下划线 的生词上，即可查看词性和释义。
🔊 英音朗读 · British English
由英音语音合成（en-GB）朗读全文原文，共 8 段。播放时原文会随进度逐句高亮，建议先盲听抓大意，再对照下方原文跟读，留意重音、连读与停顿。
【1】The Iberian lynx, once the world's most endangered cat, has continued its remarkable comeback. The latest census recorded 2,663 individuals living in the wild across Spain and Portugal in 2025 — an increase of 10.9 percent over the previous year, with 262 more animals counted.
【2】When the 21st century began, the species seemed doomed, with only about 62 mature lynx remaining in a few shrinking patches of scrubland in southern Spain.
【3】The decline was driven largely by the collapse of its main prey, the European rabbit, which was hit hard by disease, together with habitat loss and road accidents.
【4】Conservationists responded with a patient, long-term plan: captive breeding, the restoration of rabbit populations, the protection of habitat, and the release of captive-bred lynx back into the wild.
【5】The efforts paid off. In 2024 the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) moved the lynx from "Endangered" to "Vulnerable" on its Red List — the first time in more than two decades that its status had improved.
【6】Officials say the recovery shows what patient, well-funded conservation can achieve, but they warn that the species is not yet out of danger.
【7】The lynx still faces threats such as road traffic and the uncertain future of rabbit populations, and experts stress that continued efforts are needed to secure its future.
【8】Conservationists hope the lynx can become a symbol that humans and wild animals can coexist — and a reminder that no species is beyond saving when people act in time.
原文出处：综合西班牙生态转型部生物多样性基金会（Fundación Biodiversidad）2026-06-05 新闻稿、IUCN 世界自然保护联盟 2024 年红色名录公告及 WWF 世界自然基金会公开资料整理改写。
三、长难句分析（三步拆解法）
When the 21st century began, the species seemed doomed, with only about 62 mature lynx remaining in a few shrinking patches of scrubland in southern Spain.
主干：the species seemed doomed（主系表结构）
时间状语从句：When the 21st century began
with 复合结构：with only about 62 mature lynx remaining（with + 宾语 + 现在分词 remaining，作伴随状语，说明"濒危"的具体状况）
地点状语：in a few shrinking patches of scrubland / in southern Spain（介词短语层层限定地点）
语法考点：with 复合结构中非谓语动词 remaining 作宾补（高考语法填空高频）；shrinking 现在分词作定语
译文：21 世纪初，该物种看似在劫难逃，西班牙南部仅存的几片日益萎缩的灌木丛中，只剩下约 62 只成年猞猁。
The decline was driven largely by the collapse of its main prey, the European rabbit, which was hit hard by disease, together with habitat loss and road accidents.
主干：The decline was driven largely by the collapse of its main prey（被动语态：be driven by）
同位语：the European rabbit —— 解释说明 main prey
定语从句：which was hit hard by disease —— 修饰 rabbit
并列状语：together with habitat loss and road accidents —— 与 by the collapse 并列，共同构成原因
语法考点：被动语态 be driven by；which 引导非限制性定语从句；together with 表示"再加上"
译文：种群锐减主要源于其主要猎物——欧洲野兔——因疫病而大量死亡，再加上栖息地丧失与交通事故。
In 2024 the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) moved the lynx from "Endangered" to "Vulnerable" on its Red List — the first time in more than two decades that its status had improved.
主干：the IUCN moved the lynx from "Endangered" to "Vulnerable" on its Red List
时间状语：In 2024
同位总结结构：the first time ... that its status had improved（对前面整件事作总结；that 引导定语从句，先行词为 time）
语法考点：过去完成时 had improved（表示"比过去的过去"更早发生）；the first time + that 定语从句
译文：2024 年，世界自然保护联盟（IUCN）在其红色名录上把猞猁从"濒危"调整为"易危"——这是二十多年来其保护级别首次得到改善。
Conservationists hope the lynx can become a symbol that humans and wild animals can coexist — and a reminder that no species is beyond saving when people act in time.
主干：Conservationists hope
宾语从句：the lynx can become a symbol ... and a reminder ...（并列两个表语）
同位语从句①：that humans and wild animals can coexist（解释 symbol 的内容）
同位语从句②：that no species is beyond saving（解释 reminder 的内容）
时间状语从句：when people act in time（修饰 beyond saving）
语法考点：hope + 宾语从句；that 引导同位语从句；beyond doing 结构（"无可……"）
译文：保护人士希望猞猁能成为一个象征——人类与野生动物能够和谐共存——也提醒人们：只要及时行动，任何物种都不会无可挽救。
四、全文大意
伊比利亚猞猁曾是全球最濒危的猫科动物，2001 年野外仅存约 62 只成年个体。因主要猎物欧洲野兔染病锐减，加之栖息地丧失和交通事故，该物种濒临灭绝。在圈养繁殖、恢复野兔、保护栖息地、放归野外等持续努力下，种群稳步回升：2024 年 IUCN 将其从"濒危"降级为"易危"，2025 年普查显示野外已达 2,663 只。它证明：只要人类及时行动、持续投入，濒危物种也能走出灭绝边缘，人与自然可以和谐共生。
五、思考与仿写
思考题：文中指出猞猁数量回升的关键之一，是"恢复野兔种群"。为什么保护一种濒危动物，往往需要同时保护它的食物（猎物）？请结合第 3、4 段，谈谈你对"生态系统是一个相互联系的整体"的理解。
仿写题：仿照第 6 段句式 "Officials say the recovery shows what patient, well-funded conservation can achieve, but they warn that..."（"……表明……所能实现的，但……提醒……"），围绕「坚持学习」或「保护环境」写一个句子。