Environment · 环境 / 气候 / 健康
野火与热浪正破坏全球空气质量改善
Wildfires, heat waves threaten to undermine air quality, UN weather agency says
一、原文精读
鼠标悬停在带 蓝色虚线下划线 的生词上，即可查看词性和释义。
1Pollution from increasingly intense wildfires and heat waves could undermine global efforts to improve air quality and protect human health, the United Nations' weather agency said on Monday, warning that climate change is making it harder to meet international air quality goals.
2In its annual report on air quality and the climate, the World Meteorological Organization said air pollution and climate change are closely linked and should be tackled through coordinated policies rather than in isolation. It warned that meeting the World Health Organization's air quality guidelines will become more difficult because extreme wildfires are more likely to occur in the future.
3Wildfires are becoming a growing source of harmful air pollution even as regulations have reduced emissions from industry and transport in many developed countries, the WMO said in its report.
4"No matter how clean your city or your region is … if you have a lot of pollution brought about by wildfires, that has the potential to negatively impact air quality in those regions as well," Lorenzo Labrador, scientific officer at the WMO, told Reuters.
5The report highlights the growing impact of fine particulate matter, known as PM2.5, and ground-level ozone, pollutants linked to respiratory and cardiovascular disease. It also calls for improved monitoring of pollutants and aerosols including black carbon and microplastics, which it said remain poorly tracked despite their widespread presence in the atmosphere.
6This year has been marked by extreme heat and destructive wildfires across parts of Europe, including Spain, France and Greece. The WMO has said extreme heat is becoming more frequent, intense and longer-lasting as the planet warms.
7The new report said PM2.5 concentrations in 2025 were above long-term averages in northern Canada, parts of Russia and western-central Africa due to heightened fire activity, while northwestern Spain was a hot spot following exceptional late-summer fires.
8A study cited in the report found extreme fire-smoke events have tripled globally since the 1990s and may have contributed to nearly 100,000 additional deaths annually between 2010 and 2018.
9Particulate matter from wildfires is particularly harmful because it comes with a host of toxic chemicals, Labrador said, adding that inhalation causes body-wide inflammation that can lead to pulmonary disease.
原文出处：路透社日内瓦报道（Reuters, Geneva, Sept 7, 2026）。报道对象为世界气象组织（WMO）2026 年度《空气质量与气候公报》。
二、重点词汇
| 单词 | 音标 | 词性 | 释义 | 词块 / 搭配 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| undermine | /ˌʌndəˈmaɪn/ | v. | 削弱；暗中破坏 | undermine efforts to do sth |
| wildfire | /ˈwaɪldfaɪə(r)/ | n. | 野火；山火 | destructive wildfires |
| heat wave | /ˈhiːt weɪv/ | n. | 热浪 | increasingly intense heat waves |
| particulate matter | /pɑːˈtɪkjələt ˈmætə(r)/ | n. | 颗粒物（粉尘） | fine particulate matter (PM2.5) |
| ground-level ozone | /ˈəʊzəʊn/ | n. | 近地面臭氧 | ground-level ozone pollution |
| respiratory | /rəˈspɪrətri/ | adj. | 呼吸的 | respiratory disease 呼吸道疾病 |
| cardiovascular | /ˌkɑːdiəʊˈvæskjələ(r)/ | adj. | 心血管的 | cardiovascular disease |
| aerosol | /ˈeərəsɒl/ | n. | 气溶胶 | atmospheric aerosols |
| black carbon | /ˈblæk ˈkɑːbən/ | n. | 黑碳 | black carbon emissions |
| microplastics | /ˌmaɪkrəʊˈplæstɪks/ | n. | 微塑料 | atmospheric microplastics |
| tackle | /ˈtækl/ | v. | 应对，处理 | be tackled through coordinated policies |
| in isolation | /ˌaɪsəˈleɪʃn/ | adv. | 孤立地，单独地 | rather than in isolation |
| emission | /ɪˈmɪʃn/ | n. | 排放（物） | reduce emissions |
| guideline | /ˈɡaɪdlaɪn/ | n. | 指导方针，准则 | WHO air quality guidelines |
| triple | /ˈtrɪpl/ | v. | 增至三倍 | have tripled since the 1990s |
| inflammation | /ˌɪnfləˈmeɪʃn/ | n. | 炎症 | body-wide inflammation |
三、长难句分析（三步拆解法）
Pollution from increasingly intense wildfires and heat waves could undermine global efforts to improve air quality and protect human health, the United Nations' weather agency said on Monday, warning that climate change is making it harder to meet international air quality goals.
主干：the United Nations' weather agency said（真正的主句，宾语被前置）
宾语从句：Pollution … could undermine global efforts（said 的宾语）
修饰①：from increasingly intense wildfires and heat waves —— 介词短语修饰 Pollution
修饰②：to improve air quality and protect human health —— 不定式修饰 efforts
伴随状语：warning that climate change is making it harder to meet … —— 现在分词，内含 that 宾语从句 + it 形式宾语 + to meet 真正宾语
译文：联合国气象机构周一表示，日益猛烈的野火和热浪带来的污染可能破坏全球改善空气质量和保护人类健康的努力，并警告称气候变化正使实现国际空气质量目标变得更加困难。
In its annual report on air quality and the climate, the World Meteorological Organization said air pollution and climate change are closely linked and should be tackled through coordinated policies rather than in isolation.
主干：the World Meteorological Organization said
状语：In its annual report on air quality and the climate —— 介词短语
宾语从句：air pollution and climate change are closely linked and should be tackled …（并列谓语：are linked + should be tackled）
对比结构：through coordinated policies rather than in isolation —— 并列对比，注意 rather than 连接两个介词短语
译文：世界气象组织在其关于空气质量和气候的年度报告中表示，空气污染与气候变化密切相关，应通过协调政策而非孤立地加以应对。
"No matter how clean your city or your region is … if you have a lot of pollution brought about by wildfires, that has the potential to negatively impact air quality in those regions as well," Lorenzo Labrador, scientific officer at the WMO, told Reuters.
让步状语从句：No matter how clean your city or your region is（无论…多么干净）
条件状语从句：if you have a lot of pollution brought about by wildfires（brought about by wildfires 过去分词短语修饰 pollution）
主干：that has the potential to negatively impact air quality in those regions as well
插入：Lorenzo Labrador, scientific officer at the WMO, told Reuters（主句，同位语 scientific officer at the WMO 说明身份）
译文：世界气象组织科学官员洛伦佐·拉布拉多告诉路透社："无论你的城市或地区多么干净……如果你有大量野火带来的污染，那也有可能对这些地区的空气质量产生负面影响。"
It also calls for improved monitoring of pollutants and aerosols including black carbon and microplastics, which it said remain poorly tracked despite their widespread presence in the atmosphere.
主干：It also calls for improved monitoring（of pollutants and aerosols）
修饰：including black carbon and microplastics —— 现在分词短语举例
定语从句：which it said remain poorly tracked —— 修饰 pollutants and aerosols，其中 it said 为插入语
让步状语：despite their widespread presence in the atmosphere —— 介词短语表让步
译文：报告还呼吁加强对污染物和气溶胶（包括黑碳和微塑料）的监测，据称尽管它们在大气中广泛存在，却仍缺乏追踪。
Particulate matter from wildfires is particularly harmful because it comes with a host of toxic chemicals, Labrador said, adding that inhalation causes body-wide inflammation that can lead to pulmonary disease.
主干：Particulate matter is particularly harmful
修饰：from wildfires —— 介词短语
原因状语从句：because it comes with a host of toxic chemicals
伴随状语：adding that … —— 现在分词；内含宾语从句 inhalation causes body-wide inflammation
定语从句：that can lead to pulmonary disease —— 修饰 inflammation
译文：拉布拉多表示，野火产生的颗粒物尤其有害，因为它带有大量有毒化学物质，并补充说吸入这些物质会导致全身性炎症，进而引发肺部疾病。
四、全文大意
世界气象组织（WMO）在其年度《空气质量与气候公报》中警告：日益猛烈的野火和热浪带来的污染，正破坏全球改善空气质量、保护人类健康的努力，使实现世界卫生组织空气质量标准变得愈发困难。报告指出，尽管许多发达国家已通过监管降低工业和交通排放，野火正成为日益增长的有害空气污染源。细颗粒物 PM2.5 与近地面臭氧同呼吸道、心血管疾病密切相关；全球极端野火烟雾事件自 1990 年代以来已增至三倍，2010–2018 年间每年可能造成近 10 万人额外死亡。WMO 呼吁以协调政策统筹治理空气污染与气候变化，并加强对黑碳、微塑料等污染物的监测。
五、思考与仿写
思考题：报道称野火产生的颗粒物比常规排放"毒性更高"（higher toxicity）。请结合第 9 段，说明野火 PM2.5 为何危害更大，并谈谈这对"城市空气质量治理"意味着什么？
仿写题：仿照第 4 段的让步 + 条件句式 "No matter how … is, if you …, that has the potential to …"，围绕「学习习惯」或「时间管理」写一个句子。