Nature · 人与自然 / 生态 / 科普
人类"在场"如何悄悄改变野生动物的一举一动
A huge GPS study shows that simply being near wild animals can reshape how they move — even without roads or buildings
中文导读
人们谈人类对野生动物的影响，往往想到道路、城市与砍伐森林。但耶鲁大学科学家发表在《科学》杂志的一项研究指出：即便只是"人在场"——没有道路、没有建筑——也足以改变野生动物的活动方式与家域大小。本文通过一项追踪 4500 多只动物、约 1180 万个定位点的大规模研究，揭示"人类在场"这一常被忽略的因素如何悄悄重塑动物行为，并为保护区设计与个人日常行动带来启示。
一、原文精读
鼠标悬停在带 蓝色虚线下划线 的生词上，即可查看词性和释义。
🔊 英音朗读 · British English
由英音语音合成（en-GB）朗读全文原文，共 8 段。播放时原文会随进度逐句高亮，建议先盲听抓大意，再对照下方原文跟读，留意重音、连读与停顿。
【1】When we think of how humans affect wildlife, we often picture roads, cities and cleared forests. But a large new study suggests that simply being present — even for a short visit — can change the way animals move and live.
【2】The research, led by scientists at Yale University and published in the journal Science, combined GPS tracking data from 37 species — 22 kinds of birds and 15 mammals — across the United States with mobile phone location data showing where people go.
【3】In total, the team recorded about 11.8 million location points from more than 4,500 animals. By comparing animal movements with human activity, they could separate the effect of human presence from the effect of landscape changes such as roads and buildings.
【4】The results were striking. Human presence alone was enough to reshape wildlife movement. Around 57 percent of the species studied were affected by both human presence and changes to the landscape.
【5】The study also found that 67 percent of mammals and 68 percent of birds altered the size of their home range — the area where they feed, rest and raise their young. Some animals shifted to nighttime activity, while others abandoned areas they had used for years.
【6】These changes matter. When animals are pushed out of good habitat, they may spend less time foraging and feeding their young, which can lower their chances of survival.
【7】The researchers say the findings have important lessons for conservation. Parks, trails and protected areas can reduce the stress on wildlife if they are carefully designed, for example by limiting how close visitors can get.
【8】For ordinary people, the message is simple: when we step into nature, we are not invisible. Giving wild animals space is one of the easiest ways to protect them.
原文出处：本文根据《科学》（Science，2026 年 5 月）刊发、由耶鲁大学主导的动物追踪研究，及 ScienceDaily 相关报道（2026-08-28）整理编写，供学习使用。
三、长难句分析（三步拆解法）
The research, led by scientists at Yale University and published in the journal Science, combined GPS tracking data from 37 species across the United States with mobile phone location data showing where people go.
主干：The research combined GPS tracking data … with mobile phone location data（主语 + combined A with B）
后置定语（过去分词短语并列）：led by scientists at Yale University and published in the journal Science（修饰 The research）
后置定语（现在分词短语）：showing where people go（修饰 location data，内含 where 引导的宾语从句）
考点：过去分词 / 现在分词作后置定语（语法填空常考 doing/done 的选择）；combine A with B 搭配
译文：这项由耶鲁大学科学家领导并发表于《科学》杂志的研究，将美国境内 37 个物种的 GPS 追踪数据与显示人们去向的手机定位数据结合起来。
By comparing animal movements with human activity, they could separate the effect of human presence from the effect of landscape changes such as roads and buildings.
主干：they could separate the effect … from the effect …（主语 + separate A from B）
方式状语：By comparing animal movements with human activity（"通过…"）
后置定语：of human presence 修饰 effect；of landscape changes 修饰 effect；such as roads and buildings 举例说明 changes
考点：介词短语 By doing 作方式状语；separate … from … 固定搭配
译文：通过将动物活动与人类活动进行比较，研究人员得以把"人类在场"的影响与道路、建筑等"景观变化"的影响区分开来。
The study also found that 67 percent of mammals and 68 percent of birds altered the size of their home range — the area where they feed, rest and raise their young.
主干：The study also found that …（主语 + found + that 宾语从句）
宾语从句：67 percent of mammals and 68 percent of birds altered the size of their home range
同位语 + 定语从句：the area where they feed, rest and raise their young（解释 home range，where 引导定语从句修饰 area）
考点：that 引导宾语从句；where 引导定语从句（先行词为地点名词时用 where）
译文：研究还发现，67% 的哺乳动物和 68% 的鸟类改变了自己的"家域"大小——即它们觅食、休息和抚育后代的活动区域。
When animals are pushed out of good habitat, they may spend less time foraging and feeding their young, which can lower their chances of survival.
主干：they may spend less time foraging and feeding their young（spend time (in) doing sth 结构）
时间状语从句：When animals are pushed out of good habitat（被动语态 be pushed out of）
非限制性定语从句：which can lower their chances of survival（which 指代前面整个主句内容）
考点：which 引导非限制性定语从句指代整个主句；spend time doing sth；被动语态
译文：当动物被挤出优质的栖息地时，它们可能花更少的时间觅食和喂养幼崽，这会降低它们的生存几率。
Giving wild animals space is one of the easiest ways to protect them.
主语（动名词短语）：Giving wild animals space（动名词短语作主语，谓语用单数 is）
表语：one of the easiest ways（one of + 形容词最高级 + 名词复数）
后置定语：to protect them（不定式短语修饰 ways）
考点：动名词短语作主语时谓语用单数；one of the + 最高级 + 复数名词
译文：给野生动物留出空间，是保护它们最简便的方法之一。
四、全文大意
人们谈起人类对野生动物的影响，往往想到道路、城市和砍伐森林，但耶鲁大学科学家发表于《科学》的一项大规模研究指出：仅仅"人在场"本身，就能改变动物的活动方式。研究将美国 37 个物种（22 种鸟类、15 种哺乳动物）超过 4500 只动物的约 1180 万个 GPS 定位点，与手机定位数据相结合，从而把"人类在场"与道路、建筑等"景观变化"两类影响区分开来。结果令人惊讶：仅人类在场就足以重塑动物活动，约 57% 的物种同时受到这两类影响；67% 的哺乳动物和 68% 的鸟类改变了家域大小，有的转向夜间活动，有的放弃了多年使用的区域。被挤出优质栖息地的动物觅食、育幼时间减少，生存机会随之降低。研究为保护区设计提供了启示——限制游客接近距离能减轻对野生动物的压力；对普通人而言，走进自然时保持距离、给动物留出空间，就是最简便的保护。
五、思考与仿写
思考题：结合第 3、4 段，说说研究人员是如何把"人类在场"和"景观变化"两类影响区分开来的？这体现了科学研究的什么方法？
仿写题：仿照第 8 段 "Giving wild animals space is one of the easiest ways to protect them."（动名词短语作主语 + one of the + 最高级）的句式，围绕「低碳出行」「保护环境」写一个句子。